LAW OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ON FOREIGN-CAPITAL ENTER-PRISES ——附加英文版
The National People's Congress
LAW OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ON FOREIGN-CAPITAL ENTER-PRISES
(Adopted at the Fourth Session of the Sixth National People's
Congress, promulgated by Order No. 39 of the President of the People's
Republic of China and effective as of April 12, 1986)
Article 1
With a view to expanding economic cooperation and technical exchange with
foreign countries and promoting the development of China's national
economy, the People's Republic of China permits foreign enterprises, other
foreign economic organizations and individuals (hereinafter collectively
referred to as "foreign investors") to set up enterprises with foreign
capital in China and protects the lawful rights and interests of such
enterprises.
Article 2
As mentioned in this Law, "enterprises with foreign capital" refers to
those enterprises established in China by foreign investors, exclusively
with their own capital, in accordance with relevant Chinese laws. The term
does not include branches set up in China by foreign enterprises and other
foreign economic organizations.
Article 3
Enterprises with foreign capital shall be established in such a manner as
to help the development of China's national economy; they shall use
advanced technology and equipment or market all or most of their products
outside China. Provisions shall be made by the State Council regarding
the lines of business which the state forbids enterprises with foreign
capital to engage in or on which it places certain restrictions.
Article 4
The investments of a foreign investor in China, the profits it earns and
its other lawful rights and interests are protected by Chinese law.
Enterprises with foreign capital must abide by Chinese laws and
regulations and must not engage in any activities detrimental to China's
public interest.
Article 5
The state shall not nationalize or requisition any enterprise with foreign
capital. Under special circumstances, when public interest requires,
enterprises with foreign capital may be requisitioned by legal procedures
and appropriate compensation shall be made.
Article 6
The application to establish an enterprise with foreign capital shall be
submitted for examination and approval to the department under the State
Council which is in charge of foreign economic relations and trade, or to
another agency authorized by the State Council. The authorities in charge
of examination and approval shall, within 90 days from the date they
receive such application, decide whether or not to grant approval.
Article 7
After an application for the establishment of an enterprise with foreign
capital has been approved, the foreign investor shall, within 30 days from
the date of receiving a certificate of approval, apply to the industry and
commerce administration authorities for registration and obtain a business
licence. The date of issue of the business licence shall be the date of
the establishment of the enterprise.
Article 8
An enterprise with foreign capital which meets the conditions for being
considered a legal person under Chinese law shall acquire the status of a
Chinese legal person, in accordance with the law.
Article 9
An enterprise with foreign capital shall make investments in China within
the period approved by the authorities in charge of examination and
approval. If it fails to do so, the industry and commerce administration
authorities may cancel its business licence. The industry and commerce
administration authorities shall inspect and supervise the investment
situation of an enterprise with foreign capital.
Article 10
In the event of a separation, merger or other major change, an enterprise
with foreign capital shall report to and seek approval from the
authorities in charge of examination and approval, and register the change
with the industry and commerce administration authorities.
Article 11
The production and operating plans of enterprises with foreign capital
shall be reported to the competent authorities for the record.
Enterprises with foreign capital shall conduct their operations and
management in accordance with the approved articles of association, and
shall be free from any interference.
Article 12
When employing Chinese workers and staff, an enterprise with foreign
capital shall conclude contracts with them according to law, in which
matters concerning employment, dismissal, remuneration, welfare benefits,
labour protection and labour insurance shall be clearly prescribed.
Article 13
Workers and staff of enterprises with foreign capital may organize trade
unions in accordance with the law, in order to conduct trade union
activities and protect their lawful rights and interests.
The enterprises shall provide the necessary conditions for the activities
of the trade unions in their respective enterprises.
Article 14
An enterprise with foreign capital must set up account books in China,
conduct independent accounting, submit the fiscal reports and statements
as required and accept supervision by the financial and tax authorities.
If an enterprise with foreign capital refuses to maintain account books in
China, the financial and tax authorities may impose a fine on it, and the
industry and commerce administration authorities may order it to suspend
operations or may revoke its business licence.
Article 15
Within the scope of the operations approved, enterprises with foreign
capital may purchase, either in China or from the world market, raw and
semi-processed materials, fuels and other materials they need. When these
materials are available from both sources on similar terms, first priority
should be given to purchases in China.
Article 16
Enterprises with foreign capital shall apply to insurance companies in
China for such kinds of insurance coverage as are needed.
Article 17
Enterprises with foreign capital shall pay taxes in accordance with
relevant state provisions for tax payment, and may enjoy preferential
treatment for reduction of or exemption from taxes.
An enterprise that reinvests its profits in China after paying the income
tax, may, in accordance with relevant state provisions, apply for refund
of a part of the income tax already paid on the reinvested amount.
Article 18
Enterprises with foreign capital shall handle their foreign exchange
transactions in accordance with the state provisions for foreign exchange
control. Enterprises with foreign capital shall open an account with the
Bank of China or with a bank designated by the state agency exercising
foreign exchange control. Enterprises with foreign capital shall manage
to balance their own foreign exchange receipts and payments. If, with the
approval of the competent authorities, the enterprises market their
products in China and consequently experience an imbalance in foreign
exchange, the said authorities shall help them correct the imbalance.
Article 19
The foreign investor may remit abroad profits that are lawfully earned
from an enterprise with foreign capital, as well as other lawful earnings
and any funds remaining after the enterprise is liquidated.
Wages, salaries and other legitimate income earned by foreign employees in
an enterprise with foreign capital may be remitted abroad after the
payment of individual income tax in accordance with the law.
Article 20
With respect to the period of operations of an enterprise with foreign
capital, the foreign investor shall report to and secure approval from the
authorities in charge of examination and approval. For an extension of the
period of operations, an application shall be submitted to the said
authorities 180 days before the expiration of the period. The authorities
in charge of examination and approval shall, within 30 days from the date
such application is received, decide whether or not to grant the
extension.
Article 21
When terminating its operations, an enterprise with foreign capital shall
promptly issue a public notice and proceed with liquidation in accordance
with legal procedure. Pending the completion of liquidation, a foreign
investor may not dispose of the assets of the enterprise except for the
purpose of liquidation.
Article 22
At the termination of operations, the enterprise with foreign capital
shall nullify its registration with the industry and commerce
administration authorities and hand in its business licence for
cancellation.
Article 23
The department under the State Council which is in charge of foreign
economic relations and trade shall, in accordance with this Law, formulate
rules for its implementation, which shall go into effect after being
submitted to and approved by the State Council.
Article 24
This Law shall go into effect on the day of its promulgation.
Important Notice:
This English document is coming from "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.
关于加强职业培训教师队伍建设的意见
劳动和社会保障部
关于加强职业培训教师队伍建设的意见
【发文号】 劳社部函〔2002〕12号
各省、自治区、直辖市劳动和社会保障厅（局），国务院有关部门劳动保障
工作机构：
加强教师队伍建设，提高教师政治和业务素质，是推动职业培训事业蓬
勃发展，培养经济发展需要的大批技艺精湛的劳动者的重要保证。“九五”
期间，各级劳动保障部门和有关行业主管部门采取积极措施，加快职业培训
教师队伍建设，教师队伍素质有了显著提高，教师队伍结构有了明显改善。
随着经济结构加快调整和现代科技在生产中日益广泛地应用，社会对高素质、
高技能劳动者的需求越来越迫切，但是职业培训师资队伍仍然存在整体素质
偏低，生产实习指导教师数量不足，技能不高等问题，难以满足培养大批高
素质劳动者的需求。为进一步提高职业培训教学质量，加快职业培训事业发
展，现就职业培训教师队伍建设提出如下意见：
一、进一步明确今后一个时期教师队伍建设的指导思想和总体目标
认真贯彻落实《中共中央国务院关于深化教育改革全面推进素质教育的
决定》要求，大力推进教师资格证书制度和职业培训教师上岗资格证书制度，
进一步建立和完善教师培训制度，使职业培训教师队伍的整体素质有明显提
高，教研、教改能力普遍增强，既能讲授专业理论又能指导生产实习的“一
体化”教师不断增多，逐步形成一支数量适当、结构合理、专兼职相结合、
具有较高职业道德水平、较强创新意识和实践能力的新型教师队伍。
到2005年，技工学校、就业训练中心和其他职业培训机构教师均要达到
国家规定的任职资格。其中，高级技工学校中获硕士学位或具有高级技师职
业资格证书的占教师总数的10％。技工学校生产实习指导教师队伍中，具有
高级技工学校（高职院校）学历或具有高级职业资格证书人员占80％。就业
训练中心及民办职业培训机构生产实习指导教师队伍中，具有中等职业学校
及其以上学历或中级以上职业资格证书的人员占80％。
二、建立和完善教师培训制度
要建立科学、规范、有效的继续教育和培训制度，对职业培训教师开展
政治理论培训、上岗资格培训和业务提高培训。各技工学校、就业训练中心
及其他职业培训机构应结合本校实际，制定相应的教师培训计划，并积极创
造条件，鼓励教师参加多种形式的教育与培训。可以采取专题学习、讨论交
流等多种方式，督促教师不断加强政治理论修养，提高职业道德水平；可以
组织教学观摩、开展教学成果评比和教学方法经验交流，全面提高教师授课
能力；也可以有计划地安排教师到企事业单位顶岗工作或实习锻炼，提高广
大教师特别是中青年教师的专业技能和实践能力。此外，还应积极鼓励青年
教师主动参与或独立承担教改研究课题，多出研究成果，使之成为职业培训
事业的中坚力量。技工学校教师参加业务提高培训每两年不得少于80学时，
就业训练中心及其他职业培训机构教师参加业务提高培训每两年不得少于50
学时。教师参加培训情况作为技工学校、就业训练中心评估和其他职业培训
机构年审的重要检查内容。
三、加强教师培训基地建设
劳动保障部在高等职业技术师范院校和高级技工学校中，选择一批师资
队伍素质较高、教学设施比较先进的学校，逐步建立国家级示范性教师培训
基地，承担骨干教师的培养培训任务。国家级教师培训基地可面向全国开展
教师培养培训活动，并按有关规定颁发相应的学历证书、职业资格证书或岗
位培训合格证书。
各省级劳动保障部门要根据职业培训事业发展需求，建立省级教师培训
基地，承担省内职业培训教师培训任务。为配合西部大开发对职业培训事业
发展的需求，西部地区要设立少数民族职业培训教师培训基地，加快少数民
族职业培训教师队伍素质建设。被确定为教师培训基地的学校要增加投入，
加强基础设施和培训场所建设，积极开设教师培训课程，研究开发新的培训
方法。
四、开辟多元化师资来源渠道
要继续发挥高等职业技术师范院校的作用，为职业培训机构培养“一体
化”教师，使高等职业技术师范院校成为职业培训后备师资培养的主要阵地。
与此同时，要加强兼职教师队伍建设，通过从社会聘用或与高校、科研机构、
大企业联合办学等形式，广泛吸引社会各方面人才尤其是一些高科技领域的
急缺专业人才任教，壮大教师队伍，优化教师结构。各地区要积极建立包括
社会各行业的技师、高级技师等能工巧匠和专业技术人员的师资人才库，并
定期公布有关信息，以利于资源共享，优势互补。
五、建立定期考核、竞争上岗的用人机制
要定期对职业培训教师综合素质进行岗位考核，主要内容包括：一是是
否具有高尚的职业道德和高度的责任感；二是是否具有现代教育观念，掌握
素质教育理论并能在教学中予以运用；三是是否具有一定的教学科研能力和
创新能力；四是是否掌握并能熟练运用现代教育技术和先进教学方法。要建
立能上能下，能进能出的用人机制，教师岗位考核结果应作为竞争上岗、实
施奖惩的重要依据，“一体化”教师在竞争上岗和享受有关待遇上应优先考
虑。要建立优秀教师评选制度，对取得优异成绩和显著成果的教师和教育工
作者给予奖励，营造有利于人才脱颖而出的环境。
各级劳动保障部门要切实重视职业培训教师队伍建设工作，结合当地职
业培训事业发展需要，制定教师队伍建设规划，并将其纳入劳动保障工作整
体规划，加强领导，统一部署，合理安排，狠抓落实。各地要建立师资培训
专项经费，并通过购买成果等方式，引导培训方向，确保培训质量。同时，
要通过组织教学改革成果评比、研讨培训、经验交流等多种方式，充分发挥
优秀教师在当地职业培训教改教研活动中的带动和辐射作用。
二○○二年一月二十九日
